/ Lexicon

A lexicon of motion.

From camera moves and cuts to type, texture and generative art. Each term has its name, a loop, and words you can hand to an agent. Every loop is a kamishibai reel, drawn from its time alone.

137 terms
Watch them all as a deck
PanパンThe camera turns left or right from a fixed spot. Everything slides by at the same speed.CameraTruckトラックThe camera itself moves sideways. Near things pass faster than far ones: parallax.CameraTracking shotトラッキングショットThe camera travels alongside a moving subject. The subject keeps its place in the frame while the world streams past behind it.CameraTiltティルトThe camera turns up or down from a fixed spot, like nodding.CameraCrane upクレーンアップThe camera rises straight up, as if on a crane. What is near drops away below, and the view opens up over it.CameraDolly inドリーインThe camera moves toward the subject. It grows, and the space around it opens out.CameraZoom inズームインThe lens zooms while the camera stays where it is. Everything grows together, so near and far keep their sizes against each other. A dolly in changes them.CameraDolly zoomドリーズームDolly out while zooming in. The subject keeps its size while the background stretches. Also called the Vertigo effect.CameraWhip panホイップパンA pan so fast the picture smears. Often used to cut from one scene to the next.CameraRack focusピント送りFocus moves from one subject to another at a different distance.CameraOrbit回り込みThe camera circles around the subject while keeping it in the center. The subject turns and the background slides behind it.CameraCrash zoomクラッシュズームA very fast zoom onto one detail. It hits like a punch and is often played for comedy or shock.CameraCamera shakeカメラシェイクThe whole frame jolts and jitters, then settles. It sells an impact, an explosion or a heavy landing.CameraHandheld手持ち風The frame drifts and sways a little, all the time, as if someone is holding the camera. It feels close and unstaged. Camera shake is a jolt; this never stops.CameraParallaxパララックスFlat layers of artwork slide at different speeds, near ones fastest, so a 2D picture gains depth.CameraKen Burnsケン・バーンズA slow pan and zoom over a still photo. It brings photos to life in documentaries and slideshows.CameraFPV drone shotFPVA low, fast flight that rushes forward and banks through the turns, as a racing drone does. It gives speed and a feel for the place.CameraDutch angleダッチアングルThe camera is tilted, so the horizon runs at a slant. Something feels off: unease, tension, or a lighter, comic tone.CameraEase in-outイーズインアウトStarts slow, speeds up, slows into place. Most camera and UI moves use it.MotionOvershootオーバーシュートPasses the target, then settles back. Feels springy and alive.MotionAnticipation予備動作A small move the other way before the main one, so the eye knows it is coming.MotionStaggerずらしThe same motion, started a little later for each item.MotionFade inフェードインAn element goes from transparent to solid. The plainest entrance, and the quietest.MotionSlide inスライドインAn element slides in from an edge and settles, usually fading in as it comes. From below, it is a slide up.MotionPop inポップインAn element grows from nothing to a little too big, then settles at its size. It catches the eye.MotionBlur to clearブラー→クリアAn element comes in out of focus and sharpens as it settles. Slower and softer than a fade, it reads as calm and refined.MotionSquash and stretchつぶしと伸ばしThe shape deforms with speed and impact, while its volume stays the same.MotionFollow-throughフォロースルーWhen the body stops, its loose parts keep going, swing back and settle. It shows weight and momentum.MotionBounceバウンスEach bounce is lower and shorter than the last, until the object comes to rest. It reads as a drop with real weight.MotionElasticエラスティックOvershoots and swings back several times, like a spring, before it settles. Good for pops and playful UI.MotionWiggleウィグルA smooth random wobble in position or rotation that never repeats exactly. It adds a handheld or nervous energy.MotionOn twosコマ打ちEach pose is held for two or more frames, so the motion moves in visible steps. It gives a hand-made, animated feel.MotionSine waveサイン波A smooth up and down that repeats forever. Offset each item's timing and a row of them becomes a wave.MotionMotion pathモーションパスThe object travels along a drawn curve instead of a straight line, turning to face the way it moves.MotionMotion blurモーションブラーA fast object smears along its path, the way it would with a camera shutter open. Fast moves look smooth instead of jumpy.MotionFlipフリップA card turns over around its vertical axis in perspective and shows what is on its back. Good for a reveal or a before and after.MotionEchoエコーCopies of a moving object trail behind it, each a moment later and a shade lighter. When it stops, they catch up into one.MotionPulseパルスAn element swells and shrinks gently, again and again, with a ring spreading out from it. It says: look here, press here.MotionMarqueeマーキーA line of words or logos scrolls sideways without end, coming round again and again.MotionCard stackカードスタックCards arrive one after another and pile up, each a little offset and turned, so the earlier ones still peek out.MotionNuki (pull)抜きThe kamishibai card change: the picture is pulled out sideways to show the next. Pulled fast, slowly, or stopped halfway.TransitionCrossfadeディゾルブOne shot fades into the next, and for a moment both are visible.TransitionWipeワイプA moving edge replaces one shot with the next.TransitionIrisアイリスA circle opens or closes on the picture.TransitionPushプッシュThe next shot pushes the current one out of the frame.TransitionSlideスライドThe next shot slides in over the current one, which stays still underneath. Unlike a push, only the new shot moves.TransitionZoom transitionズームトランジションThe camera rushes into the shot, and the next shot arrives from far away and lands. The speed hides the cut.TransitionVenetian blindsブラインドThe picture splits into stripes that turn open like the slats of a blind, one after another, to show the next shot.TransitionClock wipe時計回りワイプThe next shot sweeps in around the centre, like a clock hand going once round.TransitionGradient wipeグラデーションワイプThe next shot appears where a grey map is darkest first, then spreads to the lighter areas. Any map works: noise, clouds, a gradient.TransitionShape transitionシェイプトランジションColoured shapes sweep across and cover the frame, and the next shot is behind them as they leave.TransitionLiquid transitionリキッドトランジションThe next shot floods in like a liquid, with a wavy, gooey edge. It feels playful and soft.TransitionFlash transition白フラThe picture blows out to white on the beat, and the next shot comes up out of the white. A bright, punchy way to cut.TransitionFade to black暗転The picture fades down to black, stays dark for a moment, and the next scene fades up. It closes one scene before the next begins.TransitionBarn door観音開きThe picture splits down the middle and the two halves open outward like doors, with the next shot behind them.TransitionMatch cutマッチカットA cut between two shots joined by a matching shape or motion in the same place, so the eye carries over.EditingJump cutジャンプカットCuts within one shot that skip time, so the subject pops from place to place. Fast and restless.EditingJ cutJカットThe sound of the next shot starts before its picture. You hear what is coming, then see it.EditingL cutLカットThe sound of a shot carries on after the picture has cut to the next one.EditingSmash cutスマッシュカットA sudden hard cut from a calm moment to a loud, contrasting one. The jolt is the point.EditingSplit screenスプリットスクリーンThe frame splits to show two shots side by side at once, to compare them or to show two places at the same time.EditingBefore and afterビフォーアフターTwo versions of one picture, one over the other, split by a divider that slides across, so the change shows in the same place.EditingCut to the beat音ハメCuts land exactly on the beats of the music, so the picture feels locked to the sound.EditingSpeed rampスピードランプThe playback speed changes smoothly within a shot, fast into slow motion at the key moment and fast again.EditingSlow motionスローモーションThe action plays slower than life, so a moment that is over in a blink can be watched. Draw more frames for it, then play them at the normal rate.EditingTime-lapseタイムラプスHours pass in seconds. The sun crosses the sky, shadows swing round and clouds race, while what stands still stays sharp.EditingFreeze frameフリーズフレームThe action stops on one frame, often with a flash and a caption, to introduce someone or mark a moment.EditingFlash cutフラッシュカットA run of shots only a few frames long each, too fast to read one by one. It gives a burst of energy or a rush of memories.EditingKey lightキーライトThe main light. Its direction sets the shape and the mood of the subject.LightRim lightリムライトA light from behind that traces the edge of the subject and lifts it off the background.LightColor temperature色温度Warm light reads as evening or comfort, cool light as night or distance.LightGlowグローSoft light that spreads past the edges of bright shapes. It makes them feel lit from inside.LightLens flareレンズフレアRings and streaks a bright light leaves inside a lens. The rings line up through the centre of the frame and move against the light.LightLight leak光漏れWarm washes of light that drift in from the edges, as if light got into the camera. Feels like film and memory.LightGod raysゴッドレイBeams of light from a bright source, made visible by haze or dust in the air.LightDrop shadowドロップシャドウA soft shadow under an object. Moving it further and blurring it more makes the object rise off the page.LightLong shadowロングシャドウA flat, hard shadow that runs out from an icon at 45 degrees to the edge of its tile. A flat-design look.LightLight sweepライトスイープA band of light glides across a surface, as if it caught the light. Used to make logos and cards feel glossy.LightBokeh玉ボケPoints of light far out of focus turn into soft round discs. Behind sharp type they add depth and a warm, festive glow.LightStar glintクロスフィルターA point of light flares into a four- or six-pointed star, as through a cross filter, then shrinks away. It turns a highlight into a sparkle.LightKinetic typographyキネティックタイポグラフィWords land one per beat, each at its own size and place, so the type itself carries the rhythm.TypeTypewriterタイプライターCharacters appear one at a time behind a cursor, as if someone is typing them.TypePer-character animation1文字ずつEach letter moves on its own, started a little after the one before, so a word arrives as a wave.TypeMask revealマスクリビールLines of text slide up from behind an invisible edge, so they seem to rise out of the page.TypeText scrambleテキストスクランブルRandom characters flicker in each slot, then settle into the real word from left to right.TypeTrackingトラッキングThe space between all the letters opens or closes. A slow open makes a title feel calm and wide.TypeWrite-on手書きアニメーションA stroke draws itself along the path of the letters, like a pen writing them.TypeText on a pathパス上文字Letters follow a curve, each turned to the direction of the line, and can travel along it.TypeVariable fontバリアブルフォントOne font file with a weight axis, so the type can thin or thicken smoothly instead of jumping between styles.TypeCount-upカウントアップA number rolls up to its value, digit by digit like an odometer, then holds.TypeFly-throughフライスルーA word rushes toward the viewer from far away and passes the camera, its letters growing past the edges of the frame. The next word follows right behind.TypeTrim pathsトリムパスA stroke draws itself along its path, then its tail follows the head off. The basic way to animate a line.ShapeStroke width線幅アニメーションThe thickness of a line changes over time. Thin lines feel light, thick ones feel heavy and loud.ShapeShape morphシェイプモーフOne shape turns smoothly into another, point by point. Good for icons that change state.ShapeRepeaterリピーターCopies of one shape, each turned, scaled or moved a little more than the last. One shape becomes a pattern.ShapeOffset pathsパスのオフセットCopies of an outline, grown outward by a set distance. Animated, they ripple out from the shape.ShapeWiggle pathsパスのウィグルThe points of a path wander a little at random, so a clean shape looks hand-drawn and alive.ShapePucker and bloatパンク・膨張The edges of a shape bend in toward its center or puff out, while its corners stay put.ShapeMarching ants破線アニメーションDashes that flow along a line by moving the dash offset. Shows a route, a flow or a selection.ShapeBurstバーストShort lines shoot out from a point and vanish, like a spark. Marks a click, a like or a hit.ShapeMetaballsメタボールRound blobs that melt together when they come close and stretch apart like goo when they leave.ShapeExtrude押し出しA flat shape is pushed back into depth, so it gains side walls and turns into a solid you can tilt.ShapeTwirl渦巻きTurns the picture more at the centre than at the edge, so straight lines curl into a spiral.DistortionWave warpウェーブワープA sine wave runs through the layer and bends it as it passes. Good for flags, water and heat.DistortionTurbulent displaceタービュレントディスプレイスPushes the pixels around with noise, so clean edges turn wobbly and organic.DistortionDisplacement mapディスプレイスメントマップMoves each pixel by the brightness of another layer, the map. Where the map is bright, the picture is pushed.DistortionPolar coordinates極座標Wraps the layer around a centre: left to right becomes around, top to bottom becomes out to in. Straight bars turn into rings.DistortionRipple波紋Rings of waves spread out from a point, like a drop in water, and warp what they pass.DistortionBendベンドCurves a flat layer along one axis, like a sheet of paper or a banner bending.DistortionKaleidoscope万華鏡Mirrors one wedge of the picture round a centre, so anything moving in it becomes a symmetric pattern.DistortionSlit-scanスリットスキャンEach row of the picture shows a slightly later moment, so moving things lean and smear.DistortionMotion tileモーションタイルRepeats a layer beyond its edges, so you can scroll a pattern forever without a seam.DistortionRadial blurズームブラーSmears the picture along lines out from the centre, as if the lens zoomed during the exposure. Peaking it on a cut makes the cut hit harder.DistortionFilm grainフィルムグレインFine noise that changes every frame, with a little flicker and weave. Clean digital pictures feel shot on film.TextureGrungeグランジWorn, eroded edges, specks and stains, as if the shape was printed and handled. Takes the shine off vector art.TextureHalftoneハーフトーンTone becomes a grid of dots, big where it is dark and small where it is light, like print.TextureDuotoneデュオトーンThe picture is mapped to two colours: one for the shadows, one for the highlights.TexturePosterizeポスタライズSmooth gradients snap into a few flat bands of colour. Fewer levels look bolder and more graphic.TextureLine boilラインボイルHand-drawn outlines are redrawn slightly differently every other frame, so a still drawing stays alive.TextureVignetteビネットThe corners and edges of the frame darken, pulling the eye to the centre.TextureFind edges輪郭検出Keeps only the edges of the picture as lines and drops the fills, so a photo turns into a drawing.TextureRGB splitRGB分離The colour channels slip apart into coloured fringes, then snap back. Reads as energy, impact or a broken signal.TextureGlitchグリッチShort bursts of digital error: slices of the picture jump sideways, blocks break and colours go wrong.TextureScanlines走査線Thin horizontal lines and a slow rolling bar, like an old CRT screen.TextureVHS lookVHS風Soft picture, colour bleeding sideways, a noisy tracking band and the tape's on-screen text.TextureDatamoshデータモッシュAt a cut, the old picture's blocks are pushed around by the new shot's motion and smear into it.TexturePixelateモザイクThe picture breaks into square blocks of flat colour. Bigger blocks hide more.TextureDitherディザリングShades are faked with a pattern of only two colours, the look of 1-bit screens and old printers.TextureParticlesパーティクルMany small dots thrown from an emitter, each with its own speed and life, pulled by gravity and fading out. For sparks, dust, confetti and magic.GenerativeShatterシャターA shape breaks into shards that fly apart from a point of impact. Played backwards, the pieces come together.GenerativeFractal noiseフラクタルノイズLayers of soft noise at finer and finer scales, which make clouds, smoke and texture. Moving the layers makes it evolve.GenerativeFlow fieldフローフィールドLines that follow a field of directions made from noise, like hair or wind. Changing the field slowly makes the lines swirl.GenerativeLightning稲妻A jagged, branching bolt between two points that redraws and flickers every frame.GenerativeAudio spectrumオーディオスペクトラムBars that rise and fall with the loudness of each frequency band. The low bars jump on the kick, the high ones on the hats.GenerativePlexusプレクサスDrifting points joined by lines when they come close, the lines fading with distance. A common look for networks and technology.GenerativeCard danceカードダンスThe picture is cut into a grid of cards that flip one after another, often in a wave, to reveal the next picture.GenerativeScribbleスクリブルA shape filled with quick hand-drawn hatching that is redrawn every other frame, so it boils like hand animation.Generative